AMACDCDCWATDCCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND PNPRxPHHe+NP(PHHe+Z'd"r<PNPNxPHH(FP(PHH(d'd"rPNPOxPHH(FP(PHH(d'd"rPNPHxPHH(FP(PHH(d'd"r<BUTN BYTPBYSHSHD0SHD1SHD2END CUSTLHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LHF3LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCwSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCwSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCwSHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCwSHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND STNM03_Nyquist.astREDRX RENR@REWR(TDOMG?SHUNLOGXLOGYSHGXSHGYSHFTCLC1CLC2CLC3CLC4BYCPBYS1BYS2BYS3BYS4BYE1BYE2BYE3BYE4BYPWBYSCBYVWBYPRBYHOBLVTBLEMBLBOBLRUBLGRBLSGBLUGBLNABLWCBLUFBLCNBLNSBLNNBLWPBLLPBLNTBLhcBLhuCLhcBLAEBYL1BLspSLSL,pSHIDSHMILOTMSTNMSlide, Title_4074.08BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITIT gSHTYLOIIREVR UATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALISHASSHAIEND WSRL0 U S GenevaJ<Geneva( Genevaw1Genevaw2Genevaw3GenevawsGenevawtGenevawGenevawGenevawGenevaECE-4603 http://www.csc.gatech.edu/~copeland/4603 Prof. John A. Copeland john.copeland@ece.gatech.edu 404 894-5177 Office: GCATT 579 email or call Mrs. KathyCheek, 4-5696, for office visit time Supplement to Chapters 3 and 5 6  )6) 2_#3Jpg ) t) =] -LJ @ 2 2 3 J g t e ,t23TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOIIREVR1SATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIBYAREND WSRL0)1S747''FGeneva )H) Geneva +Data & Computer Comm., p 95-98, 148-155)O)0)<() ,-TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITIT SHTYLOIIREVRYATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0YYYq`$q`$6$`$Genevax$GenevaGenevawGenevaGeneva Genevaw!Geneva;Geneva<Genevaw=Geneva\Geneva]Genevaw^GenevaqGenevarGenevawsGeneva Analog to Digital Conversion Bandwidth versus Capacity Nyquist and Shannon equations. Signal Degradation Basebase and Broadband Encoding#$ 6##$ +;!F#$ \\i#$ q##$ { :6]h::*  ; \ q ,66TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITzSHTYLOIIREVR-E ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 -E -C-   FGeneva H GenevaECE4603 5a d  ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END SLNT\SHIDLOTMSTNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRlATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0lfTFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesTL ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSL SHIDSHMILOTM:STNM Analog DataBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOIIREVRY:ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0Y:_:_FGenevao3H2 GenevaowAnalog and Digital Signals22 , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOIIREVR:1PATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL ,0:1P:7P:78 8GenevaP0Geneva )Genevaw*Genevaw,GenevawGenevawGenevawGenevawGenevaw,GenevawGenevawGenevawGenevawGenevawGenevawAnalog Signal - value varies continuously Sound - air pressure wave, can be converted to analog voltage or current wave by microphone. Electrical (analog) voice frequency signals - can be converted to sound by loudspeaker. Picture - light (color, brightness) varies continuously with position. Digital Signals - strings of discrete values which can be represented by binary numbers, strings of one's and zeros. Time-varying analog signals are converted by averaging the value over a time increment and assigning a binary value. Images are divided into small areas (pixels), then color and brightness are averaged over each pixel and transmitted are stored in digital memory sequentially.*0*80%$ Eb'U%6{7z%$ "#%6u{?%$ b" %6Y{,:$ ~f;2/=a%$ |:%6K{@%$ yX<!6 n{(%6{6 * ,    ,t*6,6TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSL`SHIDSHMILOTMPSTNM ConversionBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOIIREVR$7ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0!$7*7*FGeneva!H2! Geneva#Conversion of Analog to Digital!2!2! ! ,%TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITfSHTYLOIIREVR86ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0868<8<'`|'`'GenevaxGeneva^Geneva w_GenevawTime increments, dt, must be small enough to capture highest-frequency components of interest. The number of Amplitude Increments, n, must enough to give an adequately-accurate estimation of the analog signal. The bit rate is n/dt (bits per second).='="i_;8'x8T<,p''vpsamBsamB_ ,''TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHII'SHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYBYDRLOII REVR?oATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY LOII REVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII REVR?ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII REVR?XATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII REVRUATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR?ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR?4ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR0oATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRREVR<ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRmmREVRm+ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRREVR%ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVR/ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR::REVR:]ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITIT}SHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 }}FGeneva H Geneva 7 = 0111 `} 0G 2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOIIREVR,IATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 ,I, I, " ""FGeneva H Geneva -7 = 1111 i <r 2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITIT}SHTYLOIIREVR 'ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0  ' ' ###FGeneva H Geneva 0 = 0000 ` $G 2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRWWREVRWATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDR22REVR2XATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII REVRW!ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL 0 W!WW ''FGeneva `0* Geneva 1101 = -5,-!- * J[(0 [, ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITySHTYLOII!REVRYMoATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0YMoYSoYS 6 6 FGenevaH Geneva0101,6 #& , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITySHTYLOII"REVRYoATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0YoYoY 6 6 FGenevaH Geneva0101,6 #& , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITySHTYLOII#REVRY)okATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0Y)okY/oeY/ 5 5 FGenevaH Geneva0101,5 #& , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITySHTYLOII$REVRXn]ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0Xn]XnWX::FGenevaH Geneva1101,: #& , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITySHTYLOII%REVRYoATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0YoYoY::FGenevaH Geneva1101,: #& , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITySHTYLOII&REVRYo6ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0Yo6Yo0Y::FGenevaH Geneva1101,: #& , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOII'REVR["qATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 ["q[(q[(' {'{'FGeneva H GenevaBit Stream T{  # & ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOII(REVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0FGenevaH GenevaReconstruction~ m& ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYBYDRLOII)REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOII*REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII+REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII,REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYLOII-REDRREVRQm@ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII.REDRXREVRm[ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII/REDRVREVRG/ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII0REDR0REVRYixATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII1REDR2nREVR+MATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII2REVR <ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRLJ0' << %0_ 0_ FGeneva'xHB'Geneva)Reconstruction after low-pass filter~y,&'B  `'    &' ,+TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHMIjnSHTIp.LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTY LOII3REVR!ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND SHMIjnSHTIp.LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII4REVRA"ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND SHMIjnSHTIp.LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII5REVRAXATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND SHMIjnSHTIp.LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII6REVRVATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND SHMIjnSHTIp.LOFP END ITITSHTY LOII7REVR ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND SHMIjnSHTIp.LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII8REVRAATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND SHMIjnSHTIp.LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII9REVRA4ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND SHMIjnSHTIp.LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII:REVR2pATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND SHMIjnSHTIp.LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII;REDRREVRDATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII=REDRREVRATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII>REVR5 ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL405 50T0TFGenevaxH> Geneva4 bits -> 16 levels maximum ]^ .^ )K^> \\\  ,!TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOII?REVR ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 FGenevaH GenevaSampling time = dt<)2< ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOII@REVREu+ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRLn0@Eu+E{%E{>HwHwFGeneva@`R@ GenevaBbinary numbers for average value of signal during dt intervals$){5 =F@R/`+eH`?@ ,DTETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIAREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHBYAREND LOFP SLMG*SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIBREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIICREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIDREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIEREDR  REVR  ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIFREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIGREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIHREDR  REVR /ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIIREDRREVR8ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIJREDRREVRB ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIKREDR''REVR'L ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIILREDR11REVR1UATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIMREDR;;REVR;_ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIINREDRREVR?ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIOREDRREVRDATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIPREDR$$REVR$IATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIQREDR))REVR)MATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIRREDR..REVR.RATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIISREDR33REVR3WATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIITREDR77REVR7[ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIUREVRXATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLF00SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL 0 XXX **FGeneva `0* Geneva 0101 = +5,/&/ * J[(0 [, ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSL)CSHIDSHMILOTM:STNM Digital VoiceBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOIIVREVR;KATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0;KAKAFGenevao3H2 GenevaowDigital Voice22 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITIT SSHTYLOIIWREVRR!  ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0KR!  R' R' x$ x$n$x$VGenevaoKKChicagoChicagowGenevaoChicagoChicagowGenevao Chicago Chicagow GenevaoM Voice is recognizable and intelligible when frequency range is limited to 300 to 3400 Hz (Hertz = cycles/second) and quantization noise < -20 dB. Telephone standard is to digitize 8000 times per second (dt=125 ms) and to use 128 levels (8 bits including sign). This results in a bit rate for a voice channel of 64,000 b/s.A$A66<w:6 "BY$4x6  A#$ mK$&>6 p  JK ,66OTETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOIIXREVRJI|ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0JI|JO|JOFGenevao3H2 GenevaowDigital Music22 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITIT SHTYLOIIYREVR'@ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0'@-@ -`$`$:$x $VVGenevaoChicagoChicagowGenevaoTChicagoUChicagowVGenevaoChicagoChicagowGenevao Music requires a frequency range up to 18,000 Hz and quantization noise < -65 dB. CD music is digitized 44,100 times per second (dt=23 s) into 32,000 levels (16 bits including sign). This results in a bit rate for a CD music channel of 710,000 b/s (times 2 for stereo).7$@76 "TB>$ (]6 C|$6 h kpT  ,66TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSLSHIDSHMILOTM:STNM ConvertersBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOIIZREDRx\xREVRt\ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII[REVRNaATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITzSHTYLOII\REVRgiATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 gigcgFGeneva H Geneva Telephone l  ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII]REVRWATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0WWW4FGeneva`0:GenevaVoice (Sound Waves);:BC .  ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII^REVRB2ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITvSHTYLOII_REVR_C|ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0_C|_I|_IgFGeneva3H Genevaw ModemK , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII`REVRNAATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIaREVR_IATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0_I_C_jFGeneva3`08 GenevawA/D Channel Bank  28 0 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIbREDRv=vREVRt=zATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIcREVRMATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL40MMM000dFGeneva3xHUGenevawDigital Trunk 64 kb/s@v:v 8SvU&+0w ~+0  ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIdREVRcATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIeREVRmATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0mg9FGeneva3`0:GenevawISDN Telephone1 l:D@ I  ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIfREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL04FGeneva`0:GenevaVoice (Sound Waves);:BC .  ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIgREDRaREVRaATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIhREVRWATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIiREVR aATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0  a [//9s/FGeneva3 `0: GenevawISDN Switch1D : 0  0 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIjREDRTREVRTATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIkREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL40000eFGeneva3xHUGenevawDigital Trunk 64 kb/s@w:w 8SwU&+0` +0  ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIlREVRBPATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIImREVR_]|ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0_]|_c|_c!!!<!FGeneva3H GenevawPC] ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIInREDRjj3REVRgp6ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIoREDRmmREVRitATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIpREDRkkREVRgrATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIqREVRBATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIrREVRTATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0TTT//.s/FGeneva3`0:GenevawAnalog SwitchGD: 0 0  ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITIT SHTYBYDRLOIIsREVRs ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY LOIItREVRsATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIuREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIvREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIwREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIxREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIyREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIzREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOII{REVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII|REVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOII}REVR  ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYLOII~REDR#REVR#ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDR&REVR&ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRT$/ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0T$/Z$)ZFGeneva3H Genevaw0110010101100110" ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDR]REVRqATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDR::REVR&bATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDR::REVR&bATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR <=ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 <= B= BFGenevao3H2 GenevaowAnalog and Digital Signals22 , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR~ZATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0~Z~T~2FGeneva3`0,GenevawRS-232 28,800 kb/s< f,.iLP+0  ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRd ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL 0 d j j9FGeneva3 `0* Genevaw64,000 kb/s=N%N *P+0LP+0 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITIT SHTYBYDRLOIIREVRH`ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY LOIIREVRHXATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRQ`ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRQ`ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRQ`ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRHWATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRHWATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRQ`ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRQ`ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRQ`ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRHWATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITIT SHTYBYDRLOIIREVR ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY LOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITIT SHTYBYDRLOIIREVRMeATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY LOIIREVRM]ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRVeATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRVeATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRVeATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRM\ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRM\ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRVe ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRVeATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRVe ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRM \ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITIT SHTYBYDRLOIIREVRXfpATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY LOIIREVRXfhnATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRakp{ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRakpuATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRapp{ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRXwgATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRX|gATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRapATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRapATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRapATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRXgATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITvSHTYLOIIREVRYATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0Y__  C FGeneva3H Genevaw 011007O" , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITvSHTYLOIIREVR/ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0/55  C FGeneva3H Genevaw 011007O" , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITvSHTYLOIIREVR/ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0/55  C FGeneva3H Genevaw 011007O" , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITvSHTYLOIIREVRNATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0NTT  C FGeneva3H Genevaw 011007O" , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITvSHTYLOIIREVR]sATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0]s]s]bbbbFGeneva3H Genevaw 011007" , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITvSHTYLOIIREVRPf)ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0Pf)Pf#P  C FGeneva3H Genevaw 011007O" , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSL)SHIDSHMILOTM:STNMBandwidth vs CapacityBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOIIREVR+BATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL 0#+B1B1RRRpRFGenevao3#H2# Genevaow%Channel Bandwidth versus Capacity#2#2#"# ,'TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITIT?SHTYLOIIREVRq !ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0q !q&q&H)x1$h) Geneva`GenevaGenevawGeneva GenevaEGenevaFGenevawGGenevaPGenevaGenevaGenevawGenevaGeneva3GenevaGenevaGenevawGenevaGeneva)Geneva00*Genevaw+GenevawbGeneva00cGenevadGenevaweGenevatGenevaGeneva3Geneva3GenevaGeneva Geneva!Geneva3"Geneva3#Geneva$Genevaw%Geneva6GenevayGenevaGeneva Geneva Capacity = Rate in bits/second (b/s) that bits can be transmitted. Bandwidth = Frequency range (width)of the channel (Hertz). Maximum Baud Rate (symbols/sec), B = 2 H Noise = Unpredictable deviation of received value due to all causes (probability bounded by acceptable error rate). - Thermal noise, Crosstalk, Impulse, Intermodulation, ... Nyquist Theorem for a noiseless channel: given a bandwidth H and a signal with L different levels, the capacity C is given by: Maximum Data Rate (bits/sec), C = 2 H log2( L ) Shannon's Theorem for a noisy channel with signal to noise ratio S/N is given by: C = H log2( 1+S/N )E#$ aE=#$ /A!$ -b$z$F$f06):HcL$56 $=2$$"J$#Lb$o |6 Ry$żE ź@ żE A ) c    A" # y o ,26jT666j66)Zc666j"6#6y6TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSLKSHIDSHMILOTM:STNMBaud MaxBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOIIREVR),ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0#),/,/69Genevao3#H'# GenevaowGenevaowGenevaow%Maximum Symbols (Baud) per Second#' #'#"# ,'TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRkREVRkATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRVVREVRUXATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRUREVRUATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRUREVRUATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRXREVRWATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRzREVR{ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRXwXREVRWwZATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRXwwREVRXvyATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRXREVRXATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRVREVRUATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRNREVROATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRVKVREVRUKXATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRVKKREVRVJMATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRVREVRVATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRtATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR CATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRAzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRtATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRLATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVR}-_ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0}-_}3Y}3FGenevao3H2 Genevaow02&2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVRA0saATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0A0saA6s[A6FGenevao3H2 Genevaow12%2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITtSHTYLOIIREVRkATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0kkk<FGenevao3H2 Genevaow1/R29@2  J , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITtSHTYLOIIREVR-ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0--bFGenevao3H2 Genevaow1/2f2H|2 8J , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR<8REVR<9ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR=:REVR=;ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITIT pSHTYLOIIREVRF]ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0F]FcFc4H4HX`9 GenevaxGenevawGenevaw3Chicagow4GenevawSince Bandwidth (H) = fmax: Rmax = 2 fmax =2 H The maximum number of independent time intervals (symbols) is equal to twice the bandwidth.' H'' 3N' 41u"ce," 66 6 3 4 ,334TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSLcSHIDSHMILOTM:STNM No. levelsBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRWWREVRWXATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF|"SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR}}REVR}~ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF|"SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF|"SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF|"SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR +?ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 +? 1? 1%%FGenevaH2 Geneva Number of Bits per Symbol22 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR!REVR"ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRWWREVRT[ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRWREVRW!ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRWREVRWATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR}}XREVRzYATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDRzVVREVRzSZATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRTREVRTATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVRo`ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0o`ofof FGeneva3H Genevaw10 ( J ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 FGeneva3H Genevaw00 5 J ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR>-bATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL00>-b>3b>33.33NGeneva0H$0 Geneva Geneva!Geneva)Geneva*Geneva2The number of bits per level, NbL, is log2(L).0$ N0$ m0B/0 ,4TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITBSHTYLOIIREVRiBATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL05iBiB i,,FGeneva355~Genevaw7Levels Bits 2 1 4 2 8 3 16 4 32 5 64 6  >]|%, 5 858p8 ^          # % ' * , / 2 45 ,`/< /9TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR :)ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0( :) @) @FGeneva3(H( Genevaw*Two bits per symbol requires 4 levels.(( m(B'( ,,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITrSHTYLOIIREVR9{ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL09{?u? FGeneva3H Genevaw11 5 J ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 FGeneva3H Genevaw01 5 J ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVREATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0E ?  FGeneva3H Genevaw10 5 J ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVRIbhATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0IbhIhhIh FGeneva3H Genevaw11 ' J ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVRcATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0cii FGeneva3H Genevaw01 ' J ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVRcATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0cii FGeneva3H Genevaw00 ' J ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSLSHID SHMILOTMu0STNMBucketsBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITFSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR[uATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP PTENSLMG_SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITNSHTYBYDRLOIIREVR[ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGM&SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITtSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRy|REVRy~ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRyREVRyATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREDRyREVRyATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRyREVRyATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRycREVRyeATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREDRy!REVRy#ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRyVcREVRyTeATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR"UREVR"VATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRyREVRy~ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREDRyREVRy~ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRyREVRyATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRy:REVRy BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR]jATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 ]j]d]:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 1 0 0' &N'' &N N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR`~ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 `~``:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 1 1' &N'' &N N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR`FATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLN0`F`@`:Geneva`0NGenevawGenevaw 01 0 1'  N'' &NNr r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR`SATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 `S`Y`Y:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 1 1' &O'' &O N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR^ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 ^^^:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 0 0 0 1' &O'' &O N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR],ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 ],]2]2:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 0 0' &N'' &N N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITNSHTYBYDRLOIIREVR\~ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGM&SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITtSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRztREVRzvATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOII REDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII!REDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII"REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII#REDRz ZREVRz \ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOII$REDRz REVRz ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII%REDRzMZREVRzK\ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII&REDRLREVRMATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII'REDRzwREVRzuATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOII(REDRzwREVRzuATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII)REDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII*REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII+REDRz1REVRz3ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOII,REDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII-REDRz$1REVRz"3ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII.REDR$REVR%ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII/REDRzNREVRzLATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOII0REDRzN[REVRzL]ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII1REDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII2REDR\REVR\ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII3REDRz REVRz ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOII4REDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII5REDRz REVRz ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII6REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII7REDRz&tREVRz$vATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOII8REDRz&3REVRz$5ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII9REDRzgtREVRzevATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII:REDR3gREVR3hATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END END END ITITSHTYLOII;REVR\ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 \\\:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 0 1' &O'' &O N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII=REVRauATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 aua{a{:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 1 1' &O'' &O N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII>REVRa>ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLN0a>a8a:Geneva`0NGenevawGenevaw 01 0 1'  O'' &ONr r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII?REVRaKATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 aKaQaQ:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 1 1' &O'' &O N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII@REVR_ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 __ _;Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 0 0 0 1' &P'' &P N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIAREVR^#~ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 ^#~^)x^):Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 0 0' &O'' &O N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITNSHTYBYDRLOIIBREVR\uATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGM&SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITtSHTYBYDRLOIICREDRzkREVRzmATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIDREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIEREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIFREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIGREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIHREDRzRREVRzTATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIIREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIJREDRzERREVRzCTATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIKREDRDREVREATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIILREDRzoREVRzmATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIMREDRzo|REVRzm~ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIINREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIOREDR|REVR|ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIPREDRz)REVRz+ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIQREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIRREDRz)REVRz+ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIISREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIITREDRzFREVRzDATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIUREDRzFSREVRzDUATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIVREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIWREDRSREVRSATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIXREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIYREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIZREDRzREVRzATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII[REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII\REDRzkREVRzmATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOII]REDRz*REVRz,ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII^REDRz^kREVRz\mATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII_REDR*^REVR*_ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND SHTI}LOFP END END END END END ITITSHTYLOII`REVR\ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 \\\:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 0 1' &N'' &N N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIaREVR^YATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 ^Y^S^:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 1 0 0' &N'' &N N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIbREVRamATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 amasas:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 1 1' &N'' &N N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIcREVRa5ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLN0a5a/a:Geneva`0NGenevawGenevaw 01 0 1'  N'' &NNr r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIdREVRaBATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 aBaHaH:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 1 1' &O'' &O N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIeREVR_ ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 _ __:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 0 0 0 1' &O'' &O N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIfREVR^uATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0 ^u^!o^!:Geneva `0N GenevawGenevaw 1 0 0 0' &N'' &N N r r  , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHTI}LOFP END END END END END ITITSHTYLOIIgREVR4ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLD0F44#D####FGenevaF`0ZF Geneva HThink of a "Baud" as a "Bucket" that holds a certain number of bits.--  ---]FZF EF ,JTETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHMISHTILOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIhREVRKATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRLP0QKK$ K$2O22FGenevaQ`0ZQ Geneva SThe number of bits per second that pass a certain point (or arrive at a node) =*-  *'--QZ TQk bPQ ,UTETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHMI+SHTI+LOFP END ITIT@SHTYLOIIiREVR[ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRL0q[[6oHN6H6FGenevaq`qGeneva sthe number of Baud (Buckets) per second multiplied by the number of bits carried by each Baud (in each Bucket).(-  |(--61Z-  g -q6 pq ,uTETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND SHMIDgSHTIELOFP END SLNT\SHIDLOTMu0STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRlATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0lfTFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesTLa ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSLI~SHID SHMILOTM:STNMShannon DeriveBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITIT3SHTYLOIIjREVR,$ ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0,$ ,*,*PpPp BPDpvGenevahzfGenevawGenevaUGenevawGenevaGenevaGeneva wGenevaw(Genevaw)Genevaw+GenevaU2Genevaw8Geneva9GenevawEGenevawFGenevawQCharcoalwVGenevabGenevacGenevakGenevawlGeneva wmGenevawxGenevaUGenevawGenevaThe Capacity (maximum bit rate) is equal to the maximum number of symbols per second (2 x Bandwidth) multiplied by the number of bits per symbol { log2(L) }. - Nyquist: C = 2 H log2(L) Intuitively, the maximum number of levels with an maximum signal voltage Vs is approximately Vs/Vn, where Vn is the noise voltage (separation voltage between levels needed to reduce errors due to noise to acceptable value). Claude Shannon (father of Information theory) found a more exact value as a function of the ratio of signal power S to noise power N. Shannon: C <= 2H log2((S+N)/N) <= H log2(S/N +1) to match Nyquist: L <= (S/N +1) = (S+N )/ N L <= (signal + noise voltage)/(noise voltage)NNS"-LOdO{_JQ.())R l*m4<]9[Dzb  ( ) + S; R U NV l m   ,R\Xhh(\)\XR\XTETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOIIkREVR"aATITCLFFDSHLICLFBSHLICLLFDSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND PGIP&&9!9LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIlREVRjATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND PGIP&&G{Ic{GGIILOFP END ITITSHTYLOIImREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND PGIP&&LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIInREVR=ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND PGIP&&LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIoREDRSREVR7ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFfSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIpREDRREVRGVATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF|"SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIqREDR?Q?REVR?zATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFfSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIrREDRCC@REVR5}ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITIT|SHTYLOIIsREVR'MYATITCLFFUSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0'MY'SY'S**FGenevaUH2 GenevaUVn2*v2 6J ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITIT~SHTYLOIItREVRHATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0HNN====FGenevaH2 GenevawL=42=G2 "J , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIuREDR}REVR}ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIvREDRBBREVRBFyATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF|"SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIwREDRREVREATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF|"SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIxREDRREVRF ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLF|"SHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIyREDR#-#lREVR-bATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIzREDR##9REVRfATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII{REVR q?ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0 q? w?  w{{{{FGenevaH2 Genevaw Vs=4Vn2{2?zZ , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOII|REVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRLl0=(0(0H9FGeneva3=`Z= Genevaw?Probability of received level for 4 transmitted levels.y%-}4 C9=Z?=kp <= ,ATETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOII}REVR8ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL 0%86 `#``FGeneva%H2% Geneva'Simplified Concept of Shannon's Law%22%2 1%J$% ,)TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSLPSHID SHMILOTM:STNMSignal DegradeBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOII~REVR $=ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 $= *= *FGeneva3H2 GenevawSignal Degradation22 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRN'ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0N'N-N-HFGeneva3`v GenevawAll real signals are analog by nature. While the transmitter may send exact discrete levels into a physical transmission line, the receiver sees a degraded signal and must decide which discrete level expected is closest.>><z:;+XvO7z 7 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRokoREVRnkqATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR6rREVR5tATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRrrzREVRqt{ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR6w6REVR5w8ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDR6wrwREVR6vsyATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDR6rREVR6sATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR4qREVR3sATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRqqNREVRpsOATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR4K4REVR3K6ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDR4KqKREVR4JrMATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREDR4qREVR4rATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITRSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRkCATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRkATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR CATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITRSHTYBYDRLOIIREVR@ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR@yATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRrATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITRSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRMATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRCATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVR~ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVR[-_ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0[-_[3Y[3   FGeneva3H2 Genevaw02&2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIREVR0QaATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL00Qa6Q[6FGeneva3H2 Genevaw12%2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR..REVR-0ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR-rREVR-sATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR.tREVR.uATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITtSHTYLOIIREVRsATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0sm6FGeneva3H Genevaw0.0v6W 3J , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITtSHTYLOIIREVRkATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0ke6FGeneva3H Genevaw0.2v6O 3J , TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITIT SHTYLOIIREVRCATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL~0bCC++&0FGeneva3bxH[bGenevawdAttenuation - lost of strength (amplitude) Bandwidth cutoff - lost of high-frequency components.+4+*4U =4b[ Ac  @+ a+ ab ,fTETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSLKSHID SHMILOTM:STNM Base-BroadBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOIIREVRDATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRL0DD ____FGeneva-3HF Geneva-wData Transmission TypesF 3F ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITIT SHTYLOIIREVRFPUATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRL L0_FPUF"POF"Nx$Nx$ x$Geneva_ _*GenevawGenevaGenevawGeneva#Genevaw4Geneva6Genevaw7GenevaBGenevaDChicagowEGenevaMChicagoNGenevaPChicagowQGenevaaAnalog Baseband Voice Telephone Digital Baseband ISDN Voice Ethernet PC Comm Port5-5($ #]5-4($ B ($ N($ _ 3_3ܰ 3 # 4 B N ^_P ,46t6#46cTETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRdSREVRdQATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRTREVRTATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRdSSREVRdQUATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRyS=ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMG>SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY LOIIREVR{SATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR;ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRL0 ;;}FGeneva3 H Genevaw Broadband }  :tP:u ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYLOIIREVRU3ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRL0 U3[3[pFGeneva H Genevaw Baseband p  p B:u ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVRyATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVRyATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVRyATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVR|ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR|ATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVR|ATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVR|,uATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR|,RATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVR|QuATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREVR|ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTY BYDRLOIIREVR|ATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END ITITSHTY LOIIREVR|ATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND LOFP END END END END END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRIATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRL0"IOO%FGeneva3"H"Genevaw$0 Frequency 50 MHz 1000 MHz "%","0:u 5  _!" ,QQ&TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITIT SHTYLOIIREVRDz<ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASSHAIEND WSRL 00Dz<D<Dtx$tx$x$^Geneva*GenevawGenevaGenevawGeneva0GenevawBGenevaDGenevawEGeneva[Geneva]Chicagow^GenevatGenevavGenevawwGenevaAnalog Broadband AM, FM, TV, Cellular (AMPS) Digital Broadband Direct-TV (satellite) PCS, Digital Cellular Digital CATV22%$ Zn0W2B%$ n[%$ nt%$ n$ $  0 B [ t ,BDtD0BDTETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILDSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVR!ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRD ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0D TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSL%rSHID SHMILOTM:STNMEncoding SchemesBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOIIREVR(DATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0(D.D.FGeneva3H2 GenevawData Encoding Schemes2k2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITIT.SHTYLOIIREVRZ(=ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0Z(=Z.; Z. (Pi GenevahTGenevaGeneva,Geneva0Geneva6Geneva9Geneva;GenevaDGeneva`GenevacGenevahGenevakGenevasGenevavGenevazGeneva}GenevaGenevaGeneva Geneva3 GenevaGenevawGeneva,Geneva-Genevaw.GenevaKGenevaLGenevawMGenevafGenevagGenevawhGenevaGenevaGenevawGenevaGenevawBaseband - frequency range is from 0 Hz to fmax (B = fmax) Broadband - frequency range is from fmin to fmax (B = fmax - fmin) With broadband signals, data is modulated onto a carrier wave whose frequency is at the center of the band. Common types of modulation are: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) With all commonly-used Broadband modulation schemes: Bandwidth (Hz) = Baud Rate (Baud/second)00 f;2:mWt$DD) #$ D,#$ CK*#$ f'M#$ (p#$ 7' *'  *H< K 0 ; m   , K f     , 0;m6 6TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSLSHIDSHMILOTM:STNMConstellationsBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOIIREVR(IATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0(I.G.zIzIzFGenevaH2 Geneva!Broadband Modulation Encoding22 ,#TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITIT`SHTYLOIIREVRZATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0ZZ ZHaHaHaGeneva`GenevawGenevawA sine wave with arbitrary amplitude A and phase can be represented by the amplitude of the in-phase and quadrature components, P & Q: V(t) = A sine(wt+) = P sine(wt) + Q sine(wt+90)::<v;2Y' 7Ba% 6a ,<TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR<REVR<ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRuuREVRtwATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR<UUREVR<TWATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVRdATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0ddd!FGenevaoH2 GenevaoP202 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVRD@ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0D@J@J,FGenevaoH2 GenevaoQ2C2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR7UuREVR7SyATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRmATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDREcREVREdATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRwwcREVRvydATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRE**REVRE),ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVRhfATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0hfhlhl   FGenevaoH2 GenevaoP2'2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVRO`ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0O`!OZ!'FGenevaoH2 GenevaoQ292 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRVREVRVATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR?REVR?ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRvvREVRuxATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR?REVR?ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVRf!VATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0f!Vf'Pf'   FGenevaoH2 GenevaoP2)2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVRFATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0FF(FGenevaoH2 GenevaoQ2:2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR_ REVR_ ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR2_REVR2_ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRx_xREVRw_zATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR2REVR2ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVRc ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0c cc FGenevaoH2 GenevaoP2/2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVR,ATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0,,+FGenevaoH2 GenevaoQ2A2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END ITIT}SHTYLOIIREVR!ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0 !ZGeneva `0F GenevawGenevawQPSK 2 bits=p' Cq F F` FP ,<TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITIT{SHTYLOIIREVR\ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0 \bb"]Geneva `0F GenevawGenevawQAM 4 bits' 4x'Cw F F0 Fp ,<TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRiATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0 icMFGeneva3 `0> Genevaw PSK 1 bit,d7d > F F ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRE[ATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRmATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRm>RATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITIT\SHTYBYDRLOIIREVR.XjATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVR.zDATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR.XDkATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRTzjATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRTXjkATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRE[ATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITIT\SHTYBYDRLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END END END ITIT\SHTYBYDRLOIIREVR1lATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVR1GATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR1GATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRVlATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRVlATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END END END ITIT\SHTYBYDRLOIIREVRZATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVR|ATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRZmATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR|ATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRZmATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRmL_ATITCLFFwSHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP END ITIT{SHTYLOIIREVR2ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0 288NGeneva `0F GenevawGenevaw ASK 1 bit/e' 7f F F F ,<TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVR qKATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRLB0D qK wK w5555FGeneva3D`0@D GenevawFEach state is represented by a dot in the "constellation" diagram.* * D@DmB9v 9PCD ,HTETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLSLʄSHIDSHMILOTM:STNMBaseband EncodeBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITSHTYLOIIREVR)9ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0)9/9/=FGeneva3H2 GenevawBaseband Encoding Schemes22 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP BLTCEND ITIT QSHTYLOIIREVRL5ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0yL5L;L;L0$L0$0$GenevayxHjyGenevawGenevaGenevawGenevaLGenevaMGenevawNGeneva{Problems to overcome Transitions needed to synchronize receiver bit clock DC reference level needs to be maintained$ 7$#$ /L-G#$ yj$ yz7P7 L xy ,6<6}TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITIT.SHTYBYDRLOIIREDRDREVREATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMG.SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR..REVR./ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR,,REVR,-ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVREATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0EEFGenevao3H2 Genevaow02!2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVRE ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0E EFGenevao3H2 Genevaow02 2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVRHEuATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0HEuNEoNFGenevao3H2 Genevaow12!2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVREATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0EEFGenevao3H2 Genevaow12!2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVREATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0EEFGenevao3H2 Genevaow02!2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITwSHTYLOIIREVR@EmATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFUSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASBYAREND WSRL0@EmFEgFFGenevao3H2 Genevaow12!2 ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRvRREVRvSATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII REDR#M#MREVR#M$NATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII REDRMREVRMATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOII REDRNNREVRMPATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII REDRjREVRjATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII REDRjjREVRilATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRMlREVRMmATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRLREVRMATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRNNREVRMPATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRhREVRhATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRhhREVRgjATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRKjREVRKkATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 } _FGeneva3`08 GenevawRZ - Return to Zero rs Ks8.sJ <W ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIREVRJATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0JJ |J LFGeneva3`08 GenevawNRZ - Non RTZ fp (p8 <WP ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRd}d5REVRb}h7ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR@1@REVR?1BATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR@2g2REVR@1h4ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDR@gREVR@hATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII REDR@.h.REVR@-i0ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII!REDR@gREVR@hATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII"REDRdd0REVRbh2ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII#REDR@,@REVR?,BATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII$REDRddREVRbhATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII%REVR)ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL:0))   0[FGeneva3xH@Genevaw Good ref., doubles bandwidth Rc @c +Tc@NWLW  ,"TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII&REVR1,ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL:01,7,7  0ZFGeneva3xH@Genevaw Good ref., doubles bandwidth R` @` +T`@ MLW  ,"TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII'REVR@jATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0@j@j@^FGeneva3`0* GenevawTransitions not certain \b Zb*4N2W ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII(REVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0~  c FGeneva3`0:GenevawNRZ-I Inverted8o Wo: WLP  ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII)REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOII*REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII+REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII,REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII-REDR:bREVR*"xATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII.REDR:bREVR*"xATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII/REDR.REVR/ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOII0REDR.REVR/ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII1REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOII2REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII3REDR-REVR-ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOII4REDR-WREVR-XATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII5REDRYREVRYATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII6REDRXXREVRWZATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII7REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOII8REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII9REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII:REDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII;REDR/REVR0ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOIIREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOII?REDR.REVR.ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP SLMGSHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYBYDRLOII@REDR.XREVR.YATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIAREDRYREVRYATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIBREDRWWREVRVYATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END END END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIICREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIDREDRREVR|ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIEREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIFREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL:0$  0f FGeneva3$xH>$ Genevaw&Differential: Polarity insensitive`w >w )Vw$>W$ uW#$ ,(TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIGREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL 0 !!!a!FGeneva3 `08 GenevawMan-chester2t Ot 8P P ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIHREDR}5REVR}9ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIIREDR1REVR1ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIJREDR22REVR.:ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIKREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIILREDR..REVR*6ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIMREDR0REVR4ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIINREDR,REVR,ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIOREDRREVRATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYBYDRLOIIPREDRREVR~ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFwSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND LOFP END ITITSHTYLOIIQREVR*ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL<0 **   0eFGeneva3 xH@ Genevaw"Good timing, doubles bandwidth fv @v +Tv @NW LW  ,$TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITrSHTYLOIIRREVR7UATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL07U7U7$FGeneva3H Genevaw30 4  .J ,##TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END ITITzSHTYLOIISREVR;ATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0 ;;FGeneva3 H GenevawBit stream k Hg 2P ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END SLNT\SHIDLOTM:STNMSlide 1BLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITfSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND WSRL0TFChicago H Chicago Slide 1 notesT ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END END SLMSSHIDSHMIITBGSHTYLOIIREVRX ATITCLFFZSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END LOTM:STNM1 ColumnBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WITITpSHTYLOIITREVR&(PATITCLFF SHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHLXSHLYSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALSHASEND WSRL0&(P&.P&.bbbbbFChicagoH* Chicagow* * ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCwSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPE(SHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC00SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC00SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END SLNTcSHIDLOTM:STNMDual BusBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNITITSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHEND LOFP END ITITlSHTYLOIIREVRATITCLFFSHLICLFBSHLICLLFSHLICLLBSHLICLSFSHLICLSBSHLIBYFPSHSXSHSYSHSWBYSHSHALEND WSRL0`FChicago H Chicago Dual Bus notes` ,TETELHF2LOVRLOUDSHCLSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBCSHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFCSHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBLBLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL6SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL- BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHILZSHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFSBYFSBYSMBYMKSHLNSTBL> BLUBSHBFBLUCCLBC3SHLISHIL~SHIISHIRCLFC3SHLISHJSSHCESHLESHPESHFNFXFS BYFSBYSMBYMKEND LOFP END END END SLMSSHIDSHMILOTM:STNM Blank BlueBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNB&WSLNT;SHIDLOTM:STNM Blank BlueBLTDLOIDLORDSTCNEND END cSCMDefault!RkZ00B!d٘٘٘Zc9|"k9{&C"fEND cSCMFDDI-5a!RkZ00B!d٘٘٘Zc9|"k9{&C"fEND cSCMFDDI-5a23f3Z00B!d٘٘٘Zc9|"fEND cSCMB&WwUZ00B!d٘٘٘Zc9|"DfEND GMPMEND