// Demonstrate file streams (fstream) string streams (sstream)
// and IO Manipulators
// George F. Riley, Georgia Tech, Fall 2009


#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
  int i = 99;
  double d = 1234.5678;
  char* s = "Test String";
  
  // Use various io manipulators to affect the appearance of outputs
  // First the default
  cout << "i " << i << " d " << d << " s " << s << endl;
  // Width of 10 using setw
  cout << "i " << setw(10) << i << " d " << d << " s " << s << endl;
  // Width of 10 using width
  cout.width(10);
  cout << "i " << i << " d " << d << " s " << s << endl;
  // Left Justivied
  cout << "i " << setw(10) << left << i << " d " << endl;

  // Demonstrate the format flags
  // Allowable values are:
  //ios::boolalpha	
  //     input/output bool objects as alphabetic names (true, false).
  //ios::dec	
  //     input/output integer in decimal base format.
  //ios::fixed	
  //     output floating point values in fixed-point notation.
  //ios::hex	
  //     input/output integer in hexadecimal base format.
  //ios::internal	
  //     the output is filled at an internal point enlarging the output up to the field width.
  //ios::left	
  //ios::oct	
  //ios::right	
  //ios::scientific
  //ios::showbase	
  //ios::showpoint	
  //ios::showpos	
  //ios::skipws	
  //ios::unitbuf
  //ios::uppercase	
  ios::fmtflags orig = cout.flags();
  cout.flags(ios::hex | ios::showbase | ios::showpos |
             ios::scientific);
  cout << "i " << i << " d " << d << " s " << s << endl;
  // Note that flags are persistent.
  cout << "i " << i << " d " << d << " s " << s << endl;
  // Set back to original
  cout.flags(orig);
  cout << "i " << i << " d " << d << " s " << s << endl;
  // Demonstrate fill character
  cout.fill('*');
  cout << setw(10) << left << i << endl;
  // Demonstrate setf and unsetf
  cout.setf(ios::showpos);
  cout << i << " " << i << " " << i << " ";
  cout.unsetf(ios::showpos);
  cout<< i << endl;
  // Demonstrate floating point precision and fixed
  streamsize origPrecision = cout.precision(1);
  cout << " d " << fixed << d << " " << d << " ";
  cout.precision(origPrecision);
  cout << d << endl;

  // Demonstrate ifstream and ofstream
  ifstream inFile;  // Input file
  ofstream ofFile;  // Output file
  char buf[100];    // Buffer for reading/writing
  inFile.open("fstream.cc", ios::binary); // Open for input
  // The ! operator can be used to test successful open
  if (!inFile)
    {
      cout << "Can't open fstream.cc" << endl;
      exit(1);
    }
  ofFile.open("newfstream.cc", ios::binary); // Open for output
  int total = 0; // Total bytes read
  while(inFile.good())
    {
      // Read from inFile
      inFile.read(buf, sizeof(buf));
      // gcount() returns number of bytes on last read
      int actual = inFile.gcount();
      total += actual;
      ofFile.write(buf, actual);   // Write on output file
    }
  // Close the files
  inFile.close();
  ofFile.close();
  cout << "Total read/written " << total << endl;
}
// Output from this program is:
// i 99 d 1234.57 s Test String
// i         99 d 1234.57 s Test String
//         i 99 d 1234.57 s Test String
// i 99         d 
// i 0x63 d +1.234568e+03 s Test String
// i 0x63 d +1.234568e+03 s Test String
// i 99 d 1234.57 s Test String
// 99********
// +99 +99 +99 99
//  d 1234.6 1234.6 1234.567800
// Total read/written 3399